Statistics Notes
Spring 2022
Chapter 1 Collecting Data
§ 1.1 The Structure of Data
- Statistics
- Datasets
examples: Student Survey dataset, another student survey
- Cases
- Variables
- Data types
- Qualitative, categorical
- Quantitative: discrete or continuous
- Relationships between variables
- Explanatory variables
- Response variable
§ 1.2 Sampling from a Population
- Population
- Census
- Parameter
- Sample
- Statistic
- Statistical Inference
- Simple Random Sample
- Other Sampling Methods
- Quota
- Stratified
- Cluster
- Systematic
- Convenience
- Voluntary
- Sampling Bias
- Sampling Variability (natural variation)
- Trouble
- Convenience samples
- Voluntary response
- Self-interest study
- Response bias
- Non-response bias
- Perceived lack of anonymity
- Loaded questions, question order
§ 1.3 Experiments and Observational Studies
- Association
- Causation
- Confounding
- Observational Study
- Experiment
- Randomized Experiment
- Randomized comparative experiment
- Matched pair experiment
- Control Group
- Placebo
- Blind or Double-blind
- Placebo Effect
Discuss Q1.28 Don't Text While Studying, article