Einstein's Theories of Relativity and Gravitation

The Einstein $5,000 Prize

How The Contest Came To Be Held, And Some of The Details of Its Conduct

BY THE EDITOR

IN January, 1909, an anonymous donor who was interested in the spread of correct scientific ideas offered through the Scientific American prize of $500 for the best essay explaining, in simple non technical language, that paradise of mathematicians and bugaboo of plain ordinary folk - the fourth dimension. Many essays were submitted in this com petition, and in addition to that of the winner some twenty were adjudged worthy of ultimate publication. It was felt that the competition had added distinctly to the popular understanding of this significant subject; that it had done much to clear up popular misconception of just what the mathematician means when he talks of four or even more dimensions; and that it had therefore been as successful as it was unusual in character.

In November, 1919, the world was startled by the announcement from London that examination of the photographs taken during the total solar eclipse of May 29th had been concluded, and that predictions based upon the Einstein theories of relativity had been verified. In the reaction from the long surfeit of war news an item of this sort was thoroughly journalistic one. Long cable dispatches were carried in the news columns all over the world; Einstein and his theories were given prominent place on the front pages day after day; leading scientists in great number were called upon to tell the public through the reportorial medium just what the excitement was all about, just in what way the classical scientific structure had been overthrown.

Instead of being a mere nine days wonder, the Einstein theories held their place in the public mind. The more serious periodicals devoted space to them. First and last, very notable group of scientific men attempted to explain to the general reader the scope and content of Einstein's system. These efforts, well considered as they were, could be no more than partially successful on account of the very radical character of the revisions which the relativity doctrine demands in our fundamental concepts. Such revisions cannot be made in day; the average per son has not the viewpoint of the mathematician which permits sudden and complete exchange of one set of fundamentals for another. But the whole subject had caught the popular attention so strongly, that even complete initial failure to discover what it was all about did not discourage the general reader from pursuing the matter with determination to come to some understanding of what had happened to New ton and Newtonian mechanics.

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